Surgical
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis Surgery
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)
JPS is a surgical procedure offered by Sydney Animal Hospitals, performed in puppies between 16 and 20 weeks old with the aim to reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia later in life.
Hip dysplasia is the abnormal development of the coxofemoral (hip) joint causing increased laxity. This laxity results in accelerated arthritis in the hip joint which is often present as early as 2 years of age and significantly reduces quality of life as an older dog. Hip dysplasia is rare in cats.
Beyond the puppy phase, treatment of hip dysplasia is limited to long term medications which may result in severe side effects or a total hip replacement. As neither of these options are particularly appealing, it is better if we can prevent or reduce incidence of hip dysplasia before we get to this point.
Although hip dysplasia can be difficult to diagnose in young puppies as they are not yet uncomfortable, a specific type of X-ray can be used to assess the degree of laxity.
This laxity level is closely correlated with development of hip dysplasia down the track and so, this “distraction index” can be used to determine if treatment as a puppy is appropriate.
Causes
The causes of hip dysplasia usually include a combination of the following:
Hereditary: highest incidence in large-breed dogs (Rottweilers, German Shepherds, Golden & Labrador Retrievers, Great Danes, etc)
Environmental factors
Excessive nutritional intake resulting in rapid weight gain and growth
Trauma resulting in synovial inflammation (synovitis) of the hip joint
JPS Surgery
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis is a minimally invasive, cost-effective procedure performed in puppies to alter growth of the pelvis and degree of rotation of the acetabulum. This helps to stabilise an otherwise loose hip and reduce instability that leads to hip dysplasia. This is performed in puppies from 16-20 weeks of age. At 16 weeks the values we see on the x-rays become accurate, however beyond 20 weeks the growth of the pelvis has slowed to a point where surgery is not particularly helpful.
This surgery is performed to reduce the need for more invasive surgeries (e.g. total hip replacements) later in life and reduce the development of osteoarthritis.
Most puppies of this age do not show clinical signs of hip dysplasia yet, therefore candidates for the JPS procedure are identified on X-rays only. With laxity values of more than 35-40% surgery is indicated as this has high correlation with hip dysplasia. However, if the laxity value is below this level, the patient does not require surgery.
JPS Surgery
Identification of candidates is performed via X-ray on the day of procedure under general anaesthetic. If the laxity values are above 35-40%, surgery is indicated. If below these levels, the puppy does not require a JPS surgery.
This procedure is minimally invasive and involves a small incision in the abdomen and use of electrocautery to interfere with part of the pubic growth plate. This suspends growth of that section of the growth plate enabling the acetabulum (socket of the hip joint) to better cover the femoral head (ball section of the top of the femur). This creates a much more stable weight bearing structure to reduce incidence of osteoarthritis and hip dysplasia.
Post-Operatively
As a minimally invasive procedure, there is a small incision site which necessitates 7-10 days of keeping the patient quiet to allow this to heal. Two to three days of anti-inflammatories and pain relief are also administered for comfort. After suture removal at 10 days post-operatively, return to normal activity is usually assumed.
Ensure a Smooth Recovery for Your Pet
Our Rapid Recovery Pack is designed to support your pet's healing journey post-surgery. With comprehensive care tailored for a faster, more comfortable recovery, you can rest assured your furry friend is in safe hands. Ask us about how we can help your pet bounce back stronger and healthier.